The Commercialisation, Professionalization And Equity Of...

This piece of work will explain how the commercialisation, professionalization and equity of sport has changed from the 1950s to today. This piece of work will also discuss the different techniques and strategies that organisations within sport used to commercialise, professionalise and set social stratification. The worldwide interest in sport is phenomenal, regardless of your skin colour, religion, health, social status, gender and home nation. Sport is a universal platform for happiness, revenue and success. Even though sport has made the leap from just love and passion, to revenue and business, sport has never been without its business factors â€Å"Business sport have never been entirely unconnected in Britain† (Mason, 19888, cited in Horne, 2006: 20). For example, sport can attract audience but also sell their goods via the viewing platform. More specifically a great example of this would be Manchester United’s Jersey sales, having the largest amount of sales in England (1,750,000). This is a direct link from commercialisation and media coverage. Media moved from covering sport gaining from it indirectly, to effectively controlling it (Burstyn, 1999, cited in Horne, 2006: 21). From one side of the world to another, sport thrives and is forever growing. From America’s â€Å"4 sports†, to England’s top flight level of football, the premier league. Another substantial factor that will be discussed from 1950 onwards is equity. An example of how equity has been apparent in sportShow MoreRelatedI Love Reading Essay69689 Words   |  279 Pages6.3 : Figure 6.4 : Figure 6.5 : Figure 6.6 : Figure 6.7 : Figure 6.8 : Figure 7.1 : Figure A.1 : Figure A.2 : Figure A.3 : Figure A.4 : Figure A.5 : PE/VC investments by industry in 2007(Total US$ 14.2 Bn) Growth of venture capital and private equity in India, 2000-2007 Investments by stage– Number of deals Building synergies Importance of education Qualiï ¬ cation of entrepreneurs Qualiï ¬ cation of entrepreneurs – Variations according to time period MBA and entrepreneurship – Variations according

Caffeine as a Drug Essay - 2841 Words

Waking up to a hot cup of coffee, relishing the cool tingling sensation of a cola with your lunch, or relaxing in the afternoon over a cup of tea, all have similar ingredient caffeine. Caffeine has been consumed ever since the 2700 BC, with its conjunction in tea, for the Chinese Emperor Shen Nung. In 575 AD, the first use of coffee beans where in Africa where it was used as currency and food. Even more today, caffeine consumption has become an integral part of millions of peoples daily lives. According to David Weaver, Caffeine and theophylline are among the most widely consumed neuroactive substances. These drugs are consumed most frequently in beverages, but also are present in certain over-the-counter diet aids, alertness†¦show more content†¦Especially students that depend on caffeine to support their study habits should carefully monitor such information. Many college students use caffeine byproducts such as sodas, coffee, and caffeine pills as supplements to maintain a more alert state. However, a lot of students lose count of how many cups of coffee or soda they have intake. Students tend to gear their consumption of these caffeine products by the products effectiveness rather than their caffeine dosage. This may result in the abuse of this substance, however minimal deaths have been reported due to this. In most cases, overdoses will result in tremendous discomfort and rarely cause death or permanent damage. However, a number of people have died from an overdose of caffeine. According to DSM-3-R, the toxic dose or lethal dosage to kill fifty percent of the population is estimated at ten grams. Although the lethal dose varies between each individual the basic guidelines tend to fall at one hundred and fifty milligrams per kilogram of body weight. A more animated description of the lethal overdose would range from fifty to two hundred cups of coffee or fifty caffeine pills. In lethal overdoses physiological effects such as seizures, tachycardia, or cardia arrhythmia can occur. Tachycardia and cardia arrhythmia can also occur with an intake of greater than one thousand milligrams of caffeine. Dosages between five hundredShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Caffeine On A Drug2393 Words   |  10 Pages In the beginning of the semester we were told to write down any drugs we had taken in the last 30 days. When I wrote down the drugs that I had taken over the last 30 days I never once considered caffeine a drug. I never saw caffeine as a drug until this class.The purpose of this project is to get a better understanding of someone who is attempting the abstinence process. For this project we had to get rid of one substance we consume daily or at least frequently. When providing a list of three substancesRead MoreCaffeine the Most Popular Drug in The World1079 Words   |  5 Pagesingredients in coffee and tea is caffeine. Caffeine has both bad and good benefits, but too much of caffeine can cause a negative effect for our health. The effects of tea and coffee can have various health benefits, carry out chemical compounds that is in the drink, but too much consumption can create side effects to our body. Caffeine is one of the most popular drug. They are naturally in all coffee beans and tea plants. Everyone in the world consumes caffeine everyday, from coffee to tea drinksRead More Caffeine and its Long-term Physiological Changes Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesCaffeine and its Long-term Physiological Changes To many people, caffeine seems like more of a necessity to start the day, or keep the day going, rather than a potentially harmful drug; however, most do not realize the long-term physiological changes that can occur as reported by several users. According to National Geographic, consumers spend 30 million dollars every year on caffeine tablets and roughly 50 billion dollars on caffeinated soda. Caffeine is a drug andRead MoreConsumption of Caffeine by Minors1621 Words   |  6 PagesConsumption of caffeine by minors has increased significantly in the past few years. In the modern community it is a common practice amongst teens to consume coffee as a part of an afterschool get together or as an energy booster in the morning. Many other teens consume highly caffeinated drinks that are known as energy drinks, even a can of coke has a very high amount of caffeine present in it. Consequently is caffeine an energy booster or a detriment to wellbeing. So should children be able toRead MoreCaffeine Synthesis1722 Words   |  7 PagesPaper Many Americans have included caffeine as a part of their daily diet whether they realize it or not. In fact, â€Å"caffeine is the most consumed psychoactive substance in the world† (Ruxton How is this instead (Caffeine is especially common throughout†¦) 15). It is found very especially commonly throughout every day foods and consumed mostly though through coffee, tea, soda, and chocolate (Spiller 200). Many Americans participate in the use of caffeine; it is estimated that 90% of adultsRead MoreThe Effects Of Drugs And Its Effects On Society1670 Words   |  7 Pageseffects of drugs when they are about to use it. In today’s society, there are various types of drugs or substances that are either on the legal or illegal side. Just because a substance is legal does not make it beneficial and vice versa. The main categories of drugs are stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens. The drug category that I would like to focus on is stimulants. The most heavily and frequently used stimulant, which is caffeine. Never does it cross someone’s mind that caffeine can be consideredRead MoreEnergy Drinks And Caffeinated Beverages Essay962 Words   |  4 Pagesboth is caffeine. Caffeine is a mild stimulant drug and is considered to be the most popular used drug in the world (Striley et al. 2011). The differences in energy drinks and caffeinated beverages can be drastic when comparing their caffeine levels. The main health risks that are associated with energy drinks can be directly linked to their main ingredient, caffeine (Breda et al. 2014). Consuming excess caffeine can cause a caffeine overdose. Energy drinks increase the risk for a caffeine overdoseRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Caffeine1353 Words   |  6 PagesDrinking caffeine in the morning to start off the day might seem like the right thing to do in the morning but is it really harmful? Caffeine can be really addictive and may even cause death if used way that not meant for your body. About 85 percent of the U.S. population that’s an adult drinks about three cups of coffee a day and that’s not even counting soda or energy drinks. Caffeine has been around for more than a thousand years and we still don’t understand everyt hing about what it does forRead MoreCaffeine, is it Helping or Hurting America?1089 Words   |  5 Pages Caffeine is the most abused drug in the world. Many people wake up, and start there day with some sort of caffeine. Some it is for the energy boost, and to help them stay awake and focused. Others it is for the addictive crave. It is the most popular drug in the United States. Caffeine is in almost everything such as, sodas, over-counter medication, prescription drugs, cigarettes, foods, etc. The most consumed sources of caffeine are coffee and tea, and it [caffeine] can be harmful on your healthRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Caffeine1094 Words   |  5 Pages Most of us fail to realize that caffeine is present in almost every drink that we consume. Most people enjoy the positive effects that caffeine does to our bodies, but have you ever thought of the negative? Caffeine is a stimulant to the central nervous system and the regular use of it can cause a mild physical dependence. With a dependence being shown I strongly do believe that caffeine is just as addictive as any other drug. Over 90 percent of the United States consumes caffeinated beverages

Promotional Strategies for Cars in India free essay sample

This project is an effort to understand these promotional strategies adopted by different automobile companies in India. This project concerns with the study of choosing the 6 most appropriate mix of advertising, sales promotion, personal selling and publicity for cars in India with a detailed study of promotional strategy of Ford Fiesta. This project also targets the customers in India regarding the promotions of cars in India by reviewing and interpreting a questionnaire. Chapter 2 Literature Survey 7 Theoretical Framework and Review of Literature Promotional Strategy A successful product or service means nothing unless the benefit of such a service can be communicated clearly to the target market. An organizations promotional strategy can consist of: Advertising: Is any non personal paid form of communication using any form of mass media. Public relations: Involves developing positive relationships with the organization media public. The art of good public relations is not only to obtain favorable publicity within the media, but it is also involves being able to handle successfully negative attention. Sales promotion: Commonly used to obtain an increase in sales short term. It could involve using money off coupons or special offers. 8 Personal selling: Selling a product service one to one. Direct Mail: Is the sending of publicity material to a named person within an organization. There has been a massive growth in direct mail campaigns over the last 5 years. Spending on direct mail now amounts to ? 18 bn a year representing 11. 8% of advertising expenditure (Source: Royal Mail 2000). Organizations can pay thousands of pounds for databases, which contain names and addresses of potential customers. Direct mail allows an organization to use their resources more effectively by llowing them to send publicity material to a named person within their target segment. By personalizing advertising, response rates increase thus increasing the chance of improving sales. Listed below are links to organization whose business involves direct mail. Promotional Mix 9 Message and Media Strategy An effective communication campaign should comprise of a well thought out mess age strategy. What message are you trying to put across to your target audience? How will you deliver that message? Will it be through the appropriate use of branding? Logos or slogan design? The message should reinforce the benefit of the product and should also help the company in developing the positioning strategy of the product. Companies with effective message strategies include: Nike: Just do it. Honda City: The race lies within. Media strategy refers to how the organization is going to deliver their message. What aspects of the promotional mix will the company use to deliver their message strategy. Where will they promote? Clearly the company must take into account the readership and general behavior of their target audience before they select their media strategy. What newspapers does their target market read? What TV programmes do they watch? Effective targeting of their media campaign could save the company on valuable financial resources. Communication Model- AIDA 10 AIDA is a communication model which can be used by firms to aid them in selling their product or services. AIDA is an Acronym for Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action. When a product is launched the first goal is to grab attention. Think, how can an organization use it skills to do this? Use well-known personalities to sell products? Once you grab attention how can you hold Interest, through promoting features, clearly stating the benefit the product has to offer? The third stage is desire, how can you make the product desirable to the consumer? By demonstrating it? The final stage is the purchase action; if the company has been successful with its strategy then the target customer should purchase the product. Internet Promotion The development of the World Wide Web has changed the business environment forever. Dot com fever has taken the industry and stock markets by storm. The ecommerce revolution promises to deliver a more efficient way of conducting business. Shoppers can now purchase from the comfort of their home 24 hours a day 7 days a week. 11 Owning a website is a now a crucial ingredient to the marketing mix strategy of an organization. Consumers can now obtain instant information on products or services to aid them in their crucial purchase decision. Sony Japan took pre-orders of their popular Play Station 2 console over the net, which topped a 1 million after a few days, European football stars are now issuing press releases over the web with the sites registered under their own names. Hit rates are phenomenal. Advertisers have now moved their money over to the internet as customers are on average spending more time online then watching TV. Popular ways to advertise seem to be with banners and pop ups. Promotion Process for Cars Selecting the Target Market To say that target market selection is a part of promotional/marketing strategy development is just stating the obvious. Marketing targeting simply means choosing one? s target market. It needs to be clarified at the outset that market targeting is not synonymous with market segmentation. Segmentation is actually tee prelude to target market selection. One has to carry out several tasks besides segmentation before choosing the target market. Through segmentation, a firm divides the market into many segments. But all these segments need not form its target market. Target market signifies only those segments that it wants to adopt as its market. A selection is thus involved in it. 12 Marketing segmentation is a process that throws up not one but several market segments. There may be segments that are sizeable and the ones that are not so sizeable. There may be segments assuring immediate profits and the ones that call for heavy investments in market development. There may also be segments that show great potential, but display tough barriers to entry. As such, the question, which segment/segments, the firm should select as its target market, assumes crucial importance. Markets can be segmented using several relevant bases. For example, demographic characteristics of consumers, such as age, sex, income/purchasing capacity, education level etc, form one base for segmentation. Geographic characteristics constitute another; and buying behavior of the consumers forms yet another base. The various types of segmentations are Geographic segmentation, Demographic segmentation, Psychographic segmentation, etc. Product Positioning and Brand Positioning It is essential to understand the relationship between products positioning and brand positioning. Though in discussions, the two terms are synonymously and interchangeable used, technically they are different. Product positioning denotes the specific product category/product class in which the given product is opting to compete. And brand positioning denotes the positioning of the brand viz-a viz the competing brands in the chosen product category. It is evident that for any product, before entering the market it has to sequentially carry out the two exercises, product positioning and brand positioning. In the first 13 step, the product category where the new entrant should enter and compete, i. e. against what all products it has to compete, has to be decided. In this step, it is the broad function that the product is trying to serve that matters. This choice of product category will decide the nature of the competition the product is going to face. Once product category positioning is decided, the position for the new entrant against competing brands in the chosen product category has to be analyzed and fixed. Issues in Brand Positioning In deciding the brand positioning, the issues are: Which are the competing brands in the chosen product category? What are the unique claims/strengths of the various brands? What position do they enjoy in consumer? s evaluation and perception? What is the most favored position†¦? And yet vacant? Can the new brand claim the needed distinction and take the position and satisfy the need? Promotional Decisions Promotion has been defined as the coordination of all seller initiated efforts to set up channels of information and persuasion in order to sell goods and services or promote an idea. While implicit communication occurs through the various elements of the marketing mix, most of an organization? s communications with the market. The basic tools used to accomplish an organization? s communication objectives are often referred to as the promotional mix. 14 Advertising Advertising is defined as any paid form of non personal communication about an organization, product, service, or idea by an identified sponsor. The paid aspect of this definition reflects the fact that the space or time for an advertising message generally must be bought. An occasional exception to this is the public service announcement, whose advertising space or time is donated by the media. Advertising is the best-known and most widely discussed form of promotion, probably because of its pervasiveness. It is also very important promotional tool, particularly for companies, whose products and services are targeted at mass consumer markets. It is a very cost-effective method for communicating with large audiences. It can be used to create brand images and symbolic appeals for a company or brand. Direct Marketing One of the fastest-growing sectors of the U. S. economy is direct marketing, in which organizations communicate directly with target customers to generate a response and a transaction. It has become such an integral part of the IMC program of many organizations and often involves separate objectives, budgets, and strategies; we view direct marketing as a component of the promotional mix. 5 Direct Marketing is much more than direct mail and mail order catalogs. It involves a variety of activities, including database management, direct selling, telemarketing and direct response ads through direct mail, the Internet, and various broadcast and print media. One of the major tools of direct marketing is direct response advertising, whereby a product is promoted through an ad that encourages the consumer to purchase di rectly from the manufacturer. Interactive/Internet Marketing Interactive media allow for the back-and-forth flow of information whereby users can participate in and modify the form and content of the information they receive in real time. Unlike traditional forms of marketing communications such as advertising, which are one-way in nature, the new media allow users to perform a variety of functions such as receive and alter information and images, make inquiries, respond to questions and of course make purchases. In addition to the Internet, other forms of interactive media include CDROMs, Kiosks, and interactive television. Sales Promotion The next variable in the promotional mix is sales promotion, which is generally defined as those marketing activities that provide extra value or incentives to the sales force, the distributors, or the ultimate consumer and can stimulate immediate sales, 16 sales promotion is generally broken into Consumer-oriented and Trade-oriented activities. Consumer-oriented sales promotion is targeted to the ultimate user of a product or service and includes couponing, sampling, premiums, rebates, contests, sweepstakes, and various point-of-purchase materials. Trade-oriented sales promotions are targeted towards marketing intermediaries such as wholesalers, distributors and retailers. Effective Sales Promotion Sales promotion consists of diverse collection of incentive tools mostly short term, designed to stimulate quicker and greater purchase of particular products of services by the consumer. Sales promotion is the only method that makes use of incentives to complete the push-pull promotional strategy of motivating the sale force, the dealer and the consumer in transacting a sale. Price-Off Offers Price-off offers refers to offering the product at lower than the normal price. This encourages immediate sales, attracts non-users, induces product trail and counters competition. Premium Premium refers to the offer of an article of merchandise as an incentive in or to sell the product. Coupons In order to encourage product trail, stimulate re-purchase rate and build loyalty through news papers. 17 Dealer stock display context It is a type of point of purchase advertising which uses the show windows of the dealer for providing exposure to the sponsor? s products. Dealer participating enthusiastically and creatively are awarded. Publicity/ Public Relations Publicity refers to non personal communications regarding an organization, product, service, or idea not directly paid for or run under identified sponsorship. It usually comes in the form of a news story, editorial or announcement about an organization and its products and services. Like advertising, publicity is not directly paid for by the company. An advantage of publicity over other forms of promotion is its credibility. Another advantage of publicity is its low cost, since the company is not paying its time or space in a mass medium such as TV, radio or newspapers. Public relations are defined as â€Å"the management function which evaluates public attitudes, identifies the policies and procedures of an individual or organization with the public interests and executes a program of action to earn public understanding and acceptance†. Public relations generally have a broader objective than publicity, as its purpose is to establish and maintain a positive image of the company among its various publics. Personal Selling 18 It is a form of person-to-person communication in which a seller attempts to assist and persuade prospective buyers to purchase the company? product or service or to act on an idea. Unlike advertising, personal selling involves direct contact between buyer and seller, either face-to-face or through some form of telecommunications such as telephone sales. Personal selling involves more immediate and precise feedback because the impact of the sales presentation can generally be assessed from the customer? s reactions. FORD FIESTA About Ford The modern Ford India began production in 1998, although the roots trace back to 1907 when the Model A was launched. Its manufacturing facilities are in Maraimalai Nagar near Chennai. Ford India began production in 1926, but was shut down in 1954. Production began again with the joint venture Mahindra Ford India, Limited (MIFL) in 1995, a 50-50 venture with Mahindra Mahindra Limited. Ford increased its interest to 72% in 1998 and renamed the company Ford India Limited. 19 The first model was the Ford Escort, which was later replaced by locally produced Ford Ikon in 2001. It has since added Fusion, Fiesta, Mondeo, Endeavour and Endeavour Thunder+ to its product line. Key Products Ford Ikon Ford Fiesta Ford Fusion Ford Endeavour Ford Fiesta While Fiesta continued to impress people all over the globe, Ford had different plans for the Indian market. Ford engineers in Melbourne, Australia, designed a car from scratch specifically for the Indian market and badged it as Fiesta (2005). This sedan was sold with two engine options, 1. 4 Diesel (TDCI) and 1. 4/1. 6 Petrol. The 1. 6 Petrol version was marketed for its acceleration and performance to keep it competitive with other car makers. The Diesel version saw much success as its main 20 selling point was the fuel efficiency. Ford test delivered a whopping 30+Km/L Since cost of fuel was rising this was the right time for Ford to showcase its turbocharged direct-injection diesel technology. Ford claims to have sold more diesel variants than its petrol ones. Recently Ford gave some minor facial uplift to the well sold Fiesta and also reworked on safety features. Dual Airbag was included because the competitors the Suzuki SX4 and Hyundai Verna had this and other safety features. Ford Fiesta is engineered specifically to adapt the demanding Indian road conditions. It is a mid-sized car having a perfect combination of style and solidity. Politicians, Students, Doctors, any successful professional. Income: Upper Middle Income Group, High Income Group On the basis of Psychographic Lifestyle: Exciting, Trendy, Outdoor Oriented Social Class: Upper Middle On the basis of Geographic Region: Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western region of India Area: Metro cities, Semi-Urban and other Urban areas Adopting Offer to suit Target Segment Ford modifies its models for Indian target segments as shown below: 24 Higher ground clearance to make the car more compatible to the rougher road surface in India. Stiffer rear springs to enable negotiating the ubiquitous potholes on Indian roads. Changes in cooling requirement, with greater airflow to the rear. Higher resistance to dust. Compatibility of engine with the quality of fuel available in India. Location of horn buttons on the steering vehicles. (As the India motorist uses the horn more frequently, for cars sold in India, the horn buttons are kept on the steering wheel and not on a lever on the side as in the models sold in Europe. ) Market Competition Ford Fiesta comes in â€Å"C† segment „Sedan? and is available in both Diesel and Petrol variants in Indian Market. Along with Fiesta, other cars in this segment are Hyundai Verna, Maruti Suzuki SX4, Chevrolet Aveo and Tata Indigo Manza. Strategic Promotions by Ford 25 Ford follows the promotions at two levels, they a 1) Promotions of product directly by the manufacturer. 2) Promotions at dealer level. In the first step the products of vehicles manufactured by the Ford Automotives are directly promoted by the manufacturer by himself. He follows many promotional strategies like 1. Advertising through television and newspaper. 2. Internet or interactive marketing. 3. Direct marketing. In the second step the dealer of the vehicles promotes the vehicles. The various promotional strategies followed by the dealers are 1. Advertising though news papers, radios, palm plates. In this all the features of the product and its prices are given in detail to the customer. 2. By Hoardings, the promotion about the product and its features. Hoardings A heavy picture of the product which comprises of its attributes and special features are displayed on the roadsides in the form of hoardings. It is a bit expensive strategy but attracts many people who pass by that roadside. This type of advertisement is prepared for those segments of people who cannot afford their time in reading newspapers and watching televisions. While travelling from their home to office, moving on their business activities they may watch these hoardings. These hoarding are especially setup at the road signal stops. Maintaining Data Bank 26 In this the dealer collects personal/bio-data (address and contact number) of many people from various organizations and different sector who are ready to buy the vehicles and who change the vehicles regularly. These people are met-in person or contacted through their contact number. The various new features and new offers regarding the vehicles are advocated to them and are given discounts on group purchase of vehicles, i. e. if 5 or more friends in the group purchase the cars at a time then they are given special discounts on the vehicles. Free Insurance The dealers of Ford may give a special offer of free insurance on the purchase of each vehicle to its new customers. Relationship Marketing Fortune Ford pays a special attention towards its old customers. To retain the old and existing customers it conducts a corporate meet at a luxurious hotel. The event aims at knowing the problems of the customers regarding the vehicles and also service feedback. In this way it maintains an effective relationship with the customers and gains the reputation and goodwill in the minds of the customers. Sales Promotion 27 The sales promotion is done by ford at three levels: 1) Showroom Sales: In this the customers walk in to the showrooms to know about the details of the product. Specially trained sales executives who are present in the showrooms give a detailed explanation about the product to the customers. Sales executives give a detailed note on the products features, various offers given by the manufacturer and also by the dealer to the customer and enhance the sales of the vehicles. 2) Corporate sales: A special team of sales executives are sent to some big corporate sectors and there they personally meet the heads of the organizations like C. E. O? s, Managers, etc. , and explain about the vehicles and the offers and special schemes provided by the dealer to them on bulk purchase of the vehicles and try to promote the sales of the vehicles. ) Field sales: The sales executives conduct some events with the corporate working people and try to demonstrate the product features and its benefits and try to promote the product and increase its sales. Conducting Customer Delight Program 28 This is a unique program conducted by the dealers of Ford. This is a program conducted to retain the old customers of the Ford. The old customers of Ford are meeting personally and they are requested to g ive their feedback by filling in the questionnaire which is specially prepared for them. In this questionnaire their problems regarding the vehicle and also their post sale service experience are taken. If there exists any problem, then the Fortune Ford service men try to resolve the problems of their customers as soon as possible and makes the customer satisfied. This is a technique to attract the new customers by satisfying the old customers and gaining goodwill in the market. Extended Warranty The dealers of Ford Fiesta give an extended warranty to its customers where there will be extended time duration in the warranty. What is Extended Warranty? Factory Warranty covers only for a specific period of time/mileage. After the factory warranty expires, customer is exposed to the risk of parts failures. This is applicable for any machine/equipment/vehicle. Extended Warranty: Is an extension of Factory Warranty Offers almost similar coverage as Factory Warranty Comes with a time-bound (eg. 1yr/2yrs but unlimited mileage cap) 29 Covers all Mechanical and Electrical Failures Covers labor Why is extended warranty needed? Offers peace of mind motoring Protects against unexpected and non-budgeted expenses Can be transferred, hence increases the resale value. What does it NOT cover? Does not cover wear and tear of parts Does not cover scheduled service items Does not cover accident repairs Benefits to customer Protection from manufacturing and material defects Car can be repaired at any Ford out let across the country Unlimited number of claims No excess to pay One up-front payment only Inflation protection from rising costs of parts and labor All repairs carried out by qualified Ford technicians Warranty can be transferred when vehicle is sold – better resale value Total peace of mind.

Recruitment in Management

Introduction Recruitment is one of the management functions that are usually conducted through the human resource department. Technically, recruitment is defined as the â€Å"process of identifying and hiring the best qualified candidate from within or outside an organisation for a job opening in the most timely and cost effective manner† (French Rumbles 2005, p.170).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Recruitment in Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this process, the management plays pivotal roles in ensuring that the process is administered effectively and efficiently so that an organisation reaps optimally from the benefits of the candidate selected from a pool of applicants who possess different experiences and technical expertise. The implementation of the recruitment process is also done in a manner that ensures precise compliance to the set recruitment policies. Some of these pol icies include â€Å"affirmative action, equal opportunity employment, and non-discrimination† (French Rumbles 2005, p.170). For this reason, the specific things that the recruiting personnel look out from the applicants are set out before the recruitment is done. These specifics are laid out in the form of the job description. To come up with a concise and accurate job description, the human resource must work in collaboration within the hiring manager to develop it. In the same light, Fernando (2008) argues, â€Å"reviewing a job description is an efficient procedure to continually improve an organisation’s structure, as well as evaluating the competencies and wages for each position within the organisation† (p.8). Given the set out procedures and policies by an organisation for the administration of the process of recruitment, the main interrogative is how effective the concepts of recruitment are in ensuring that an organisation only hires those persons who only have outstanding qualifications. The focus of the paper is to give response to this query. Effectiveness of concepts of recruitment Merging talent management with recruitment An immense scholarly body of knowledge exists that attempts to set out the roles of recruitment in management of an organisation. Many approaches and models of recruitment have also been proposed with the chief intention of availing paradigms of approaching recruitment so that an organisation would secure highly professional capable workforce. These models include executive search, RPO, retained search, outplacement, and contingency hiring among others. While fully aware of the alternative ways through which an organisation can conduct recruitment, Fernando (2008) argues that talent management is a noble function that the recruitment team needs to consider (p.2).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn M ore Indeed, he advocates for adoption of a holistic approach by management as the most suitable, effective and efficient approach of conducting recruitment. The main reason why an organisation commits its resources to conduct the recruitment process by either delegating the responsibility to the human resource department or outsourcing the service externally is to make sure that only the best candidates fill the job openings (French Rumbles 2005, p.170). Apparently, an organisation utilises people as capital so that it can generate more services and goods, which is necessary for organisations to become more profitable. Arguably, this entails commoditisation of people within an organisation. When this concept is applied to the recruitment process, it infers that the persons who would stand the highest probability of being selected are those who show and prove to the recruiting personnel that, through their physical effort, mental effort, or both, they can take the organisation to the next level in terms of enhancing its profitability. The argument here is that the central focus of recruitment is to tap professional talent from the pool of existing potential employees so that it can be utilised in the realisation of goals, missions, and aims of organisations. In recruitment, talent management is critical in enhancing the capacity of an organisation to select the right persons to fill job vacancies. The concept of talents management has three paradigms: talent identification, development of talent and talent motivation, and retention and engagement (Fernando 2008, p.1). The human resource management arm of an organisation enhances all these three aspects. Ideally, for effectiveness of recruitment in helping to enhance talent management in organisations, it is significant for it to be modeled to assume a central position in the entire process of talent development. This way, it can be utilised to ensure that it can be â€Å"directed to support strategic manage ment efforts to address the competitive dynamics of businesses enabling the organisation to win the market† (Fernando 2008, p.2).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Recruitment in Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Wining the market implies increased potential of an organisation to place successfully its products and services. Therefore, the whole idea of talent management and its relationship with recruitment revolves around the needs to enhance the growth of an organisation’s productivity through commoditisation of the workforce. The success of recruitment functions in enabling an organisation to acquire human resources that would help it to face interactively with the future business dynamics is owed to the capacity of management to establish a link between recruitment and the future needs of the organisation in question. Fernando (2008) supports this argument by further positing, â€Å"Talent gaps to be filled through recruitment need to be defined from a strategic perspective† (p.3). Therefore, in case recruitment functions such as selecting and sourcing are accomplished from the dimension of old approaches that are outdated and narrow, a possibility surfaces that the concept of alignment of talent management with recruitment would be impaired. Consequently, â€Å"each key position filled needs to result to the organisation having a better aligned talent pool in terms of current competencies and or access to high potentials with the capability of being developed to meet the future strategic needs† (Fernando 2008, pp. 3-4). In the quest to achieve this, integration of a holistic approach to selection becomes crucial. Many organisations conduct recruitment after clearly defining the profiles of the desired person to fill a job opening, which is the approach of ‘ideal candidate’ recruitment. It seeks to â€Å"find the candidates wit h the required knowledge, skills, experience, behaviour, and attitude† (Fernando 2008, p.4). Comparatively, for the case of deployment of the holistic approach/model in recruitment, the chief concern is to evaluate and make sure that the selected candidate strongly fits with the organisation, the boss, work team, and the job requirements coupled with the anticipations of the position for which he or she is being recruited. After successfully recruiting the desired candidate, induction and training follow. However, through a holistic approach, such training would arguably consume less time since the model holds that the best candidate is the one who meets the demand of the organisational culture and values that guide the performance of the existing workforce of an organisation. Besides, he/she should fit well and work with a diverse work team.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, under the holistic approach/model to recruitment, the traditional approach is also not negated. Therefore, the selected candidate must also meet the experience, knowledge competencies, contacts, and skills that are set for the position. The tools that are deployed in the selection process under the holistic approach make the approach highly effective in enabling an organisation to get the right person who not only has the requisite professional qualification but one who can easily articulate with the set out codes of ethics and organisational culture. Such tools include psychometric tests, interviews that are competency-based, and skill tests among others. Psychometric tests are conducted to facilitate the evaluation of aspects such as personality, values, altitudes, and beliefs of the potential employee. On the other hand, skill testing is conducted to provide a means of evaluating the past behaviour and the particular skills possessed by the candidate. Consequently, the concept of the holistic approach to recruitment is enormously significant in ensuring that an organisation is capable to recruit a learning workforce. Such a workforce would introduce less friction when it comes to compliance with organisational culture. Recruitment: Leading, Developing, and Managing people Stemming from the arguments of the above section, the concept of the holistic approach to recruitment is ingrained within the concerns of providing mechanisms of enhancing the management to achieve one of its noble functions: recruiting in a manner that is efficient and effective. However, management has additional functions, which more often than not are interrelated. Such functions include leading, developing, and managing people. Consequently, it is crucial to examine how recruitment relates to these functions. In chapter 9 of Recruitment and Selection, French and Rumbles argue out that recruitment coupled with selection â€Å"play pivotal roles in the process of leading, managing, and developing people† ( 2005, p.171). The connection between leading, developing, and managing people is pegged on the argument that, in the absence of recruitment, people cannot be availed to an organisation for being developed, managed, and or led. Arguably, therefore, the entire idea of either employing or choosing not to employ is enshrined within the umbrella of managing people effectively within an organisation to realise the goals, aims, and missions of an organisation. However, in the recruitment process, fairness is of utmost importance. In this regard, French and Rumbles lament, â€Å"issues associated with exclusion from the work place also highlight the need for professionalism, fairness, and ethical behaviour on the part of those engaged in the activity† (2005, p.173 ). Consequently, the model deployed to acquire human resource in an organisation (recruitment) does not matter. Rather, recruiting the right persons is dependent on factors such as fairness and elimination of unethical conducts during the recruiting process. For the success of an organisation in executing its managerial functions of leading and managing people to yield optimal performance, the available workforce should be committed to the organisational culture and strategic goals. Such a workforce is availed through recruitment. In support this line of argument, French and Rumbles argue, â€Å"Recruitment occurs not just to replace departmental employees or to add workforce, rather, it aims to put in place workers who can perform at a high level and demonstrate commitment† (2005, p.171). This implies that recruitment plays proactive roles in making it possible for an organisation to attain organisational performance and outcomes that are positive. Fernando (2008) argues that recruitment needs to be factored in organisation’s approaches to strategic management (p.4). French and Rumbles also recognise the significance of this concern by further a sserting, â€Å"recruitment is often presented as a planned rational activity comprising certain sequentially-linked phases within a process of employee resourcing, which itself may be located within a wider HR management strategy† (p.178). In this sense, recruitment may be perceived as involving a topical issue while attempting to seek the manner in which it enhances the management to achieve its noble functions. Apparently, when the discipline of human resource emerged, recruitment has significantly contributed towards helping the management to cutely manage and lead the organisation’s workforce because, without the right workforce, orienting it to the desired ends (leading) is a nightmare. Essentially, the contribution of an enhanced recruitment process in aiding the management to execute its managerial functions is more significant in the age where many organisations are considering the employees as the most subtle resources for achieving a competitive advantage. C onclusion In any organisation, the management has a number of responsibilities. Among them is the need to lead, develop, and management people. The people who are led, developed, and managed are acquired through the process of recruitment and selection. In this paper, it has been argued that the organisation’s workforce is an essential resource that enables the organisation to produce services and goods. For optimal profitability of the organisation, the paper has held that it is crucial that recruitment is done so that only persons who can be oriented to the specific missions, goals, and aims of an organisation are hired. Consequently, the paper discussed that it is crucial to conduct recruitment from the concept that an organisation seeks people who would provide easy grounds for the management to conduct its functions of management among them being leading, developing, and managing of people. In this end, the concept of talent management and its relationship with recruitme nt is crucial. References Fernando, K 2008, ‘Aligning Recruitment to Talent Management Efforts’, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, vol.3 no.1, pp. 1-7. French, R Rumbles, S 2005, Recruitment and Selection, Mc Graw- Hill, New York, NY. This research paper on Recruitment in Management was written and submitted by user Phasma to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.